When we think about Japanese funeral culture, the “division of roles” between Shinto and Buddhism plays a significant part. Understanding the concept of “kegare” (impurity) in Shinto is key to grasping why Buddhism has become the main religion for handling funerals in Japan.

The Concept of “Kegare” in Shinto
In Shinto, “kegare” refers to a state of impurity that affects people’s daily lives and rituals. Among all forms of kegare, “death” is considered the most significant. Because of this, death is something that Shinto avoids as much as possible. For example, funerals and memorial services are not held at Shinto shrines, as they are associated with death, which is seen as an impurity.

So, why did Buddhism become the religion that handles matters related to death in Japan?

Why Buddhism Became Central to Funeral Culture
Buddhism places great emphasis on the afterlife and the cycle of reincarnation. In this belief system, death is not the end but rather a transition to the next stage of existence. Buddhist funerals are ceremonies where prayers are offered to help the deceased move peacefully to the next world and purify their soul. This belief system provided comfort to the Japanese people, leading to Buddhism taking on the central role in funerary practices.

The Harmonious Coexistence of Shinto and Buddhism
Throughout Japanese history, Shinto and Buddhism have complemented each other rather than conflicting. Shinto offers guidance for living, focusing on maintaining purity in daily life. On the other hand, Buddhism provides comfort concerning the afterlife, taking responsibility for the salvation of souls. This division of roles has greatly influenced the development of Japan’s unique funeral culture.

In Shinto rituals, practices such as “misogi” (purification) and “harae” (exorcism) are performed to cleanse kegare. For instance, when a family member passes away, it is customary for the bereaved to refrain from visiting shrines for a certain period. This custom is out of consideration to prevent the impurity of death from affecting others. After performing a purification ritual, the bereaved can return to their daily lives and visit shrines again.

The Concept of “Kegare” in Japanese Views on Life and Death
In this way, Shinto and Buddhism each play different roles while coexisting within Japanese funeral culture. This coexistence also deeply influences how we, as Japanese people, view life and death. Shinto deals with life, while Buddhism addresses death. Together, these two faiths provide a sense of peace as we live our lives and face death.

The funeral and memorial practices we see today in Japan are built upon this rich historical and religious background. I hope this article has helped you gain a deeper understanding of concepts like “kegare” and the “division of roles” in Japan’s funeral culture.

If you found this perspective interesting, please feel free to share it with others. Let’s spread awareness about this unique aspect of Japanese culture that intertwines Shinto and Buddhism.